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Mucking excavation
The Mucking excavation was a major archeological dig that covered an area of near Mucking, in southern Essex, England. The excavations took place between 1965 and 1978, prior to (and during) gravel extraction. At the time it was the largest excavation in Europe〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Early Saxon Settlement Finds )〕 and it was the first opportunity to excavate a Saxon settlement site and the associated cemetery simultaneously.〔Hamerow, H. 1993 ''Excavations at Mucking, Volume 2: The Anglo-Saxon Settlement'' (English Heritage Archaeological Report 21)〕 It uncovered features from the Neolithic to Medieval, a period of some 3,000 years, although the finds were predominantly from the Bronze Age to the Saxon. To date, excavation reports have been published covering the Anglo-Saxon period. Reports covering the Roman and pre-Roman periods are in preparation.
==The Site==
The site was on the gravel terrace, close to the north bank of the Thames, and was owned by Surridge Disposals Ltd.〔 There were a number of other Saxon settlements in the vicinity - see list of archaeological sites in Thurrock. The site was discovered as a result of aerial photographs showing cropmarks and soil marks. The earliest photographs to reveal the site were taken by the Luftwaffe in 1943.〔Clark, A. 1993. ''Excavations at Mucking, Volume 1: The Site Atlas'' (English Heritage Archaeological Report 20)〕 However, these were not readily available to archaeologists. The importance of the site was recognised following photographs taken by Dr JK St. Joseph of Cambridge University on 16 June 1959,〔 although these photos were not published until 1964.〔JK St Joseph, ''Air reconnaissance: recent results'' (Antiquity, vol 38, pp 217-218)〕 The tenant farmer (T Lindsey) remarked that crop marks for archaeologists were his best crop.〔
An earlier small-scale investigation had been carried out by members of the Thurrock Local History Society, under Ken Barton, on the western side of Buckingham Hill Road, as a result of field walking finds rather than aerial photographs. In late 1965 Margaret Jones was asked to carry out a brief exploratory excavation at a site, then known as Linford, which was slowly being destroyed as a result of gravel digging by Hoveringham Gravels Ltd.〔
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